As the workforce becomes more and more diverse, sexual orientation and gender identity have become very hot topics in discussions regarding employee rights. It may be surprising to learn that neither is considered a protected class under current federal employment discrimination law in the United States.

At last count, however, 32 states, including the District

On June 1, 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States, in EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc., held that an employer need not have actual knowledge of the need for religious accommodation to be liable for a hiring decision if the employer refuses to accommodate a perceived need for a religious accommodation.

When lawyers advise on federal law, they frequently conclude with a warning to check state or local law for additional requirements.  This probably strikes most readers as boilerplate. It is a warning that is probably ignored as often as it is followed.

However, it is a warning that should be heeded.  Take the state of

Earlier this year, the Regional Director of Region 13 of the NLRB found that scholarship football players at Northwestern University are “employees” under Section 2(3) of the National Labor Relations Act. Northwestern University v. College Athletes Players Association, Case 13-RC-121359 (N.L.R.B. Mar. 26, 2014).

The Regional Director’s decision turned largely on the amount of